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Chapter
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Image-Find a relationship between the graphic and
the text
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Consider the
statement and dispute it using the text and any other source material
you can find/remember.
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1:
Finding your Inner Fish
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Most living organisms
fossilize after death, so fossils in exemplary condition are easily
found all over the world.
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1-Reponse
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1-Specific
questions
a-Explain
why the author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 million year
old rocks in their search for fossils.
b-Describe
the fossil Tiktaalik. Why does this fossil confirm a major prediction
of paleontology?
c-Explain
why Neil Shubin thinks Tiktaalik says something about our own bodies?
(in other words – why the Inner Fish
title for the book?)
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2:
Getting A Grip
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Humans and fish are
nothing alike: we have hands with fingers, they have
fins.
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2-Response
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2-Specific
questions
a-How
did Charles Darwin’s theory explain these similarities that were
observed by Owen?
b-What
did further examination of Tiktaalik’s fins reveal about the creature
and its’ lifestyle?
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3:
Handy Genes
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Each cell in a human
body contains a unique set of DNA. This allows some cells to
build muscle or skin and some cells to become arms versus
fingers.
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3-Response
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4:
Teeth Everywhere
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Teeth
evolved through time, after bones, as they became a beneficial
adaptation for protection against predatio
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4-Response
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4-Specific
question
a-Shubin
writes that “we would never have scales, feathers, and breasts if we
didn’t have teeth in the first place.” (p. 79) Explain what he means by
this statement.
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5:
Getting Ahead
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Humans and sharks
both
have four gill arches as embryos, but the germ layers and arches
develop into unrelated structures in each organism.
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5-Response
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5-Specific
questions
a-Why
are the trigeminal and facial cranial nerves both complicated and
strange in the human body?
b-
List the structures that are formed from the four embryonic arches
(gill arches) during human development.
c-What
are Hox genes and why are they so important?
d-Amphioxus
is a small invertebrate yet is an important specimen for study –why?
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6: The Best-Laid (Body) Plans
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Chocolate
Chip Cookies ( With Variations ) (OK-this
isn’t an image-but, you get the idea)
1.
Combine flour, soda and salt in small bowl.
2. Beat butter, granulated
sugar, brown sugar and vanilla in large mixer bowl.
3.
Add eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition; gradually
beat in flour mixture.
4.
Stir in chocolate chips and nuts (if desired).
5.
Drop by rounded tablespoon onto ungreased baking sheets.
6.
Bake in preheated 375 degrees oven for 9 to 11 minutes until golden
brown.
7.
Let stand for 2 minutes; remove to wire racks to cool completely.
PEANUT
BUTTER VARIATION: Prepare dough as above except substitute 1/2 cup
butter and 3/4 cup creamy or chunky peanut butter for the 1 cup butter.
Eliminate nuts. Drop
dough by rounded tablespoon onto ungreased baking sheets; press down
slightly. Bake in preheated 350 degrees oven for 10 to 12 minutes or
until golden brown. Makes four dozen.
FOR
THIN, CHEWY COOKIES: Reduce granulated sugar to 1/2 cup and increase
packed brown sugar to 1 cup.
FOR
THICK, CHEWY, OLD-FASHIONED COOKIES: Use half the amount of butter
called for and drop by well-rounded tablespoon onto ungreased baking
sheets. Bake in preheated 350 degrees oven for 9 to 12 minutes or until
lightly browned. Store
in airtight container to prevent drying.
FOR
PUFFIER COOKIES: Reduce butter to 1/2 cup and add 1/2 cup solid
shortening.
FOR
SOFT CAKEY COOKIES: Omit the granulated sugar and use 3/4 cup butter, 1
cup packed brown sugar and 3 eggs. Drop by well-rounded tablespoons on
ungreased baking sheets. Flatten slightly with back of spoon dipped in
water. Bake
in preheated 375 degrees oven for 8 to 10 minutes. For more rounded
cookie, do not flatten before baking; bake 9 to 11 minutes.
FOR
CRISPIER COOKIES: Use 2 1/2 cups flour, 1 1/4 cups granulated sugar,
1/4 cup packed brown sugar and 1 egg. Drop
by rounded tablespoon onto ungreased baking sheets. Flatten with bottom
of glass dipped in water. Bake in preheated 375 degrees oven for 9 to
11 minutes.
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Scientists work in
isolation: it is counter-productive to repeat another
scientist’s experiments or to consider research that is not directly
related to the organism you are studying.
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6-Response
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6-Specific
question
a-Sea
anemones have radial symmetry while humans have bilateral symmetry but
they still have “similar” body plans – explain.
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7:
Adventures in Bodybuilding
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All tissues in the
human body are made of similar cells that connect to each other in
similar fashion.
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7-Response
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7-Specific
question
a-What
are some of the reasons that “bodies” might have developed in the first
place?
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8:
Making Scents
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There are few genes
dedicated to olfactory sense and they are similar in all organisms
capable of detecting smell.
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8-Response
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9:
Vision
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All organisms with
vision have similar eyes and similar vision genes.
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9-Response
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10:
Ears
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In humans, eyes and
ears function independently of one another; sensation in one does not
affect sensation in the other.
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10-Response
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11:
The Meaning of It All
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Maladies of the human
body are not related to our evolutionary past.
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11-Response
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11-Specific
questions
a-What
is Shubin’s biological “law of everything” and why is it so important?
b-What
is the author trying to show with his “Bozo” example?
c-This
chapter includes many examples of disease that show how humans are
products of a lengthy and convoluted evolutionary history. Choose one
of the problems listed below and briefly explain how ancient ancestors’
traits still “haunt” us:
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Obesity
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Heart disease
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Hemorrhoids
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Sleep apnea
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Hiccups
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Hernias
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Mitochondrial diseases
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Grand
Summary –
What
did you think of the book.
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